Suchergebnisse

Tento text oceňuje přínos knihy Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law: Beyond Compliance (KOSAŘ, D. et al. Routledge, 2020), a to zejména jako případové studie požívání judikatury Evropského soudu pro lidská práva českými vrcholnými soudy. Poukazuje však na to, že autoři svůj příspěvek k poznání v některých aspektech ne zcela vysvětlili. Upozorňuje také na některá zjištění knihy, kterým by prospěla propracovanější argumentace a přesvědčivější propojení mezi daty a závěry z nich vyvozovanými.

The approaches of EU institutions and the US to democracy assistanceoften vary quite significantly as both actors choose different means andtactics. The nuances in the understandings of democracy on the part of theEU and the US lead to their promotion of models of democratic governancethat are often quite divergent and, in some respects, clashing.
This book examines the sources of this divergence and by focusing on therole of the actors' "democratic identity" it aims to explain the observationthat both actors use divergent strategies and instruments to fosterdemocratic governance in third countries. Taking a constructivist view, itdemonstrates that the history, expectations and experiences withdemocracy of each actor significantly inform their respective definition ofdemocracy and thus the model of democracy they promote abroad.
This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners indemocracy promotion, democratization, political theory, EU and US foreignpolicy and assistance, and identity research.

AbstractThe paper offers the first comprehensive treatment of the applicability and regulation of belligerent reprisals in non-international armed conflicts. It introduces three approaches to the topic ('extralegal', 'permissive' and 'restrictive' approaches) which all enjoy some support among States and scholars. The paper shows that international humanitarian law (IHL) treaties, IHL customs and other legal sources do not make it possible to decide between these approaches, as they are either silent on the topic or allow for several interpretations. It is the assessment of extralegal considerations and of the general framework of IHL which allows us to conclude that belligerent reprisals are inapplicable in non-international armed conflicts ('extralegal' approach). Yet, there are signs indicating that a gradual shift toward the 'restrictive' approach could be under way. The paper cautions against a premature acceptance of this approach drawing attention to its limits.